Children Mental Health Disorders

Almost impossible to determine what makes a child become “normal” at every stage of its growth and development, but in general, a child who lives normally in the home, neighborhood and school did not seem to have psychological disorders. Problems with the teacher or a fight with his friend could not be a reference that the child is experiencing mental disorders. Parents should pay attention to his daily behavior or behavior that persists for a certain period. Children who can not be friends or do not want to be friends by peers may be experiencing emotional or psychological problems.

The family doctor is the right person to consult about the behavior and the disorder – he knew the child personally and can help to choose a mental health professional if necessary. Teachers who can assess the performance and behavior of the child when he was with his peers can assist in identifying the problem.

Mental retardation

Definition

Milestones of child development is used as a rough guide to assess the normality of function. At a certain age most children begin to recognize a parent’s voice or start learning to walk. Guidelines for behavior on the basis of this age are not standard, so if your child walk or talk after a longer or faster than other kids, so this does not necessarily indicate a disorder. Standard examination to evaluate mental retardation should be done when you suspect a delay in the development of children. Approximately 1% of children suffer from mental retardation.

Many children with mental retardation were born with physical abnormalities, such as hearing a weak power, or heart problems. They are at risk of three to four times higher for other mental disorder such as learning disabilities and incontinence than the general population. The ratio of mental retardation in men and women is 3:2.
Causes

The cause of mental retardation was found only in less than half the number of cases. mild retardation is generally found in the socio-economic class is low, but mental retardation is mild or severe is found in all classes equally. Negative influence in the home such as child neglect and lack of social stimulation and language may have a role in the development of a mild case.

Genetic disorders found in 25% of children who suffered from mental retardation, and this is usually associated with severe retardation. Down syndrome is a congenital form of mental retardation is the most common, caused by chromosomal abnormality and occurs in 1 in 700 births in the United States. Although women at any age can have children with Down syndrome, this risk increases sharply when reaching 35 years of age and above. These disturbances, and a number of congenital disorders and other congenital, can be diagnosed in utero by using ultrasound or amniocentesis. Children who have Down syndrome have distinctive facial characteristics from birth and include retarded in the development of speech and muscle coordination.

Many diseases that occur during pregnancy can cause mental retardation, especially during the first weeks when the organ systems begin to form, and it emphasizes the importance of prenatal care. Maternal infections such as rubella (German smallpox), syphilis, and cytomegalovirus is a type of disease that can cause retardation. Illness and injuries during childhood can cause mental retardation after birth. The most common is the encephalitis and meningitis, which attacks the brain directly. Other causes are trauma to the head injury that can result from harsh treatment of children in motor vehicle accidents and other accidents.

Diagnosis

Psychological examination can be done before the child is old enough to go to school to determine whether he has mental retardation. Since many variations in the development of children, very young children may develop more slowly than their peers but not necessarily he suffered mental retardation.

American Psychiatrist Association suggests the following criteria for the diagnosis of mental retardation:

• IQ is far below the average (70 or under).
• Power weak adaptation functions in terms of social skills, responsibility, communication, freedom interrelatedness, skills of daily living, the ability to be self-sufficient is slow when compared with age.
• The attack before the age of 18 years.

Medical

Prevention of mental retardation through prenatal care and infection control is better the best treatment. After successfully diagnosed with mental retardation, social and intellectual functions of children can be improved through a program designed to stimulate development. Now the school began a speech and language training, play therapy, and social skills.

Parents may feel overwhelmed physically and mentally when it comes to caring for children who suffer from mental retardation. Consultation of parents is very important to cope with stress and can help identify the anger and guilt that may arise in a situation like this.

Prevention

Prenatal care, good birth can prevent infection that can cause mental retardation in the fetus.

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